Female infertility may result from ovulation disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, uterine abnormalities, or diminished ovarian reserve. Hormonal testing and imaging often help determine underlying causes.
Male infertility contributes to approximately one-third of infertility cases.2 Common causes include low sperm count, reduced sperm motility, abnormal sperm shape, varicocele, hormonal imbalance, and genetic factors. Semen analysis is often the first diagnostic step.
If infertility is suspected, evaluation may include hormone blood tests, ovulation tracking, semen analysis, ultrasound, hysterosalpingography (HSG), and ovarian reserve testing. Understanding results helps guide next steps.
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and plans are individualized. Options may include ovulation-stimulating medications, intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), surgical procedures, and hormonal therapies.
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